See ciemny in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ciemnorydzy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ciemnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ciemnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ciemnota"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciemnieć"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciemny"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ciemny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ciemny"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ciymny"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ciymny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ciymny"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "sla-pro>*tьmьnъ>dark",
"id": "dark",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tьmьnъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tьmьnъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tьmьnъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьmьnъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ćma",
"3": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, ćma + -ny",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tьmьnъ. By surface analysis, ćma + -ny. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adv": "ciemno",
"adv2": "ciemnie"
},
"expansion": "ciemny (derived adverb ciemno or ciemnie)",
"name": "zlw-opl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ciemniczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ciemnosiwy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 3 0 2 3 4 2 32 6 0 3 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 17, 13:",
"text": "Woda czemna w obloczech powetrznich",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1451], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 41:",
"text": "Zasloni czemne pepla nubila",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 20:",
"text": "Byl opyøcz oblok czyemni",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 26:",
"text": "Czemnego pyekla",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
12
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 22:",
"text": "Pod cziemnym drzewem sub *oscurum arborem",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
35
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 77r:",
"text": "Lucus walt silua nemus idem czyemny lasz",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
40
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 90v:",
"text": "Obscurus […] finster oder tunckel czemny zaczmyony",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 183:",
"text": "Złym duszam na zachód słońca ciemna mieśca barzo nieczysta przyminia[li]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 732:",
"text": "Wsadzili ji barzo w ciemnicę ciemną",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
88,
95
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 769:",
"text": "Podnie siony na powietrzu ukazał się towarzyszem djabłom, którzy tamo przebywają w tym ciemnym powietrzu",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (without light)"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-zlw-opl-adj-C0NqFJux",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) dark (without light)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1444], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIII, page 308:",
"text": "Wielike a stare cziemne osromoczenye grzechow tetrum cahos magna confusio peccatorum",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
48
]
],
"ref": "1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej, Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 57:",
"text": "Czyebye proscha, yzesz... oszvyeczenye czyemnych",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
162,
168
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 280:",
"text": "Światłość ciała twego jest oko twoje, a będzieli oko twoje prawe a proste, wszytko ciało twe będzie światłe, ale będzieli oko twe złe, wszytko twoje ciało będzie ciemne",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
23
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 555:",
"text": "Vyrzvczyvschy czyemnego, ostaly samy czysczy svoym oczysczyczyelem",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark"
],
"id": "en-ciemny-zlw-opl-adj-5rtWib7s",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) dark"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛmnɨː/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛmnɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ciemny"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish adjectives",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Colors",
"zlw-opl:Light"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ciemnorydzy"
},
{
"word": "ciemnica"
},
{
"word": "ciemnik"
},
{
"word": "ciemnota"
},
{
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciemnieć"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciemny"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ciemny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ciemny"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ciymny"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ciymny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ciymny"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "sla-pro>*tьmьnъ>dark",
"id": "dark",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tьmьnъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tьmьnъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tьmьnъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьmьnъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ćma",
"3": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, ćma + -ny",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tьmьnъ. By surface analysis, ćma + -ny. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adv": "ciemno",
"adv2": "ciemnie"
},
"expansion": "ciemny (derived adverb ciemno or ciemnie)",
"name": "zlw-opl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ciemniczny"
},
{
"word": "ciemnosiwy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 17, 13:",
"text": "Woda czemna w obloczech powetrznich",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1451], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 41:",
"text": "Zasloni czemne pepla nubila",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 20:",
"text": "Byl opyøcz oblok czyemni",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 26:",
"text": "Czemnego pyekla",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
12
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 22:",
"text": "Pod cziemnym drzewem sub *oscurum arborem",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
35
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 77r:",
"text": "Lucus walt silua nemus idem czyemny lasz",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
40
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 90v:",
"text": "Obscurus […] finster oder tunckel czemny zaczmyony",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 183:",
"text": "Złym duszam na zachód słońca ciemna mieśca barzo nieczysta przyminia[li]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 732:",
"text": "Wsadzili ji barzo w ciemnicę ciemną",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
88,
95
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 769:",
"text": "Podnie siony na powietrzu ukazał się towarzyszem djabłom, którzy tamo przebywają w tym ciemnym powietrzu",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (without light)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) dark (without light)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1444], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIII, page 308:",
"text": "Wielike a stare cziemne osromoczenye grzechow tetrum cahos magna confusio peccatorum",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
48
]
],
"ref": "1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej, Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 57:",
"text": "Czyebye proscha, yzesz... oszvyeczenye czyemnych",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
162,
168
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 280:",
"text": "Światłość ciała twego jest oko twoje, a będzieli oko twoje prawe a proste, wszytko ciało twe będzie światłe, ale będzieli oko twe złe, wszytko twoje ciało będzie ciemne",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
23
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 555:",
"text": "Vyrzvczyvschy czyemnego, ostaly samy czysczy svoym oczysczyczyelem",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) dark"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛmnɨː/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛmnɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ciemny"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciemny meaning in Old Polish (7.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: derived adverb ciemno or ciemnie",
"path": [
"ciemny"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciemny",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca",
"path": [
"ciemny"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciemny",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca",
"path": [
"ciemny"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciemny",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.